Peru+(Kaci)


 * __PERU__** //República del Perú//

==


 * __Captail City__:
 * Lima *largest city *12 03 S, 77 03 W
 * ====__Population__: ====
 * ====(July 2011) 29,248,943 ====
 * ====__Demographics__: ====
 * Amerindian 45%, mestizo 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
 * __Religions__:
 * Roman Catholic 81.3%, Evangelical 12.5%, other 3.3%, unspecified or none 2.9% (2007 Census)
 * __Official Language(s):[[image:hstspanishspeakingcountries4th/Nuevo_sol.jpg width="126" height="124" align="right" caption="Nuevo sol"]] __
 *  Spanish, Quéchua (both official)
 * __Major Export/Industries: __
 * Natural Resources: copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas
 * //Exports_// $35.07 billion: gold, copper, fishmeal, petroleum, zinc, textiles, asparagus, coffee
 * //Imports_// $ 27.91 billion: petroleum products, vehicles, plastics, steel, wheat, soy products, corn, commercial machinery, processed food, electronics
 * __Monetary System:__
 * Nuevo sol (1991)

Geography [[image:hstspanishspeakingcountries4th/peru_in_south_america.jpg width="172" height="203" align="right"]]

 * __Location__ :
 * West South America, borders the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador
 * //Geographic Coordinates:// 10 00 S, 76 00 W
 * __The Terrain:__
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">(costa) western coastal plain. desserts ,beautiful beaches and fertile valleys
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (sierra) Andes in center. high and rugged
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (selva) eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Weather and climate __
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Arid and mild in the costal area
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Temperate to frigid in the Andes
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Warm and humid in the jungle lowlands.
 * __//geography affect on economy//__
 * Peru's economy reflects its varied geography.
 * Abundant mineral resources are found in the mountainous areas
 * Peru's coastal waters support great fishing grounds.
 * the economy is vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices because of overdependence on minerals and metals.
 * a lack of stability in the supply and demand deters trade and investment

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Breif History

 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Indigenous groups: __
 * (1531) Peru was a highly developed Inca civilization. Centered at Cuzco.
 * the Incan Empire stretched from northern Ecuador to central Chile.
 * Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro, in search for Inca gold, arrived in Peru after a big civil war over power, and took over the weakened people. The capital at Cuzco was captured by 1533.
 * Gold and silver from the Andes made the conquerors rich. Peru became the source of Spanish wealth and power in South America.
 * Pizarro founded Lima in 1535.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__Independence__:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">declared July 28,1821 from Spain.
 * Argentina andVenezuela led Peru's independence struggle.
 * San Martin of Argentina announced Peruvian independence from Spain on July 28, 1821.
 * Liberation was final in December 1824. Venezuela defeated the last of the Spanish army and end Spain's rule in South America.
 * Spain tried to regain control of its former colonies, but finally recognized Peru's independence in 1879.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Culture
strongly influenced by European, ANdean, African, and Asian cultures. Lima is the melting pot of cultres because of colonization, immigrations, and indegenous influences. The Historic Center of Lima was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site (1988)
 * Food
 * Lima is known as the Gastronomical Capital of the Americas.
 * Peruvian cuisince incorporates ingredients and techniques from many different immigrants
 * dishes:
 * Ocopa_ sauce, goes over potatoe dishes, has nuts
 * Picarpnes_ dougnut like dessert
 * Aji_ Hot peppers
 * Chicha Morada_ purple corn juice
 * Pisco_ alcoholic beverage
 * Cuy_ Guinea pig
 * Education
 * Lima is home of the oldest higher learning institutions in the New World. San Marcos University (1551)
 * Peru is one of the most educated countried in South America
 * Literacry rate: 92.9% of pop. age 15 and older can read and write
 * Clothing
 * Chullo_ traditional hat
 * Holidays/Celebrations
 * 28 de Julio_ Peru Independence Day
 * Huayno_ Traditional dance from Highlands
 * Music Criolla_ traditional music

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tourismmedia type="youtube" key="RzHDPlkZxx8?rel=0" height="196" width="291" align="right"

 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Macchu Piccu
 * Machu Picchu Town is located on the highest part of the eastern Andes
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Nazzcu Lines
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">50 square km of desert floor covered by huge drawings, figures of mammals, insects and deities.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Nazca Lines, discovered in 1927, are the most extraordinary legacy left by a culture that flourished in 300 BC.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The lines are complex designs, some up to 300 meters long, can only be seen in their true dimension from the sky. When they were made manned flight wasnt possible . How did the Nazca craft the drawings? What technology could they possibly have used? What purpose do/did the lines serve?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lima
 * Lima, The capital of Peru is a metropolis; it is the entrance door to the country. You can enjoy and know its historical Churches ( Catedral de Lima), Museums (Museo de Arte de Lima) , Parks ( Parque de la Reserva_ largest fountain complex in the world) , Historical Buildings ( Plaza de Armas), and a great variety of cultural shows, centers of amusement, luxurious casinos and game houses, and rich culinary tradition
 * Lima, The capital of Peru is a metropolis; it is the entrance door to the country. You can enjoy and know its historical Churches ( Catedral de Lima), Museums (Museo de Arte de Lima) , Parks ( Parque de la Reserva_ largest fountain complex in the world) , Historical Buildings ( Plaza de Armas), and a great variety of cultural shows, centers of amusement, luxurious casinos and game houses, and rich culinary tradition


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__Type of Government:__
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Constitutional republic
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Current leader: __
 * Ollanta Humala Tasso( June 5, 2011)
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">political climate: __
 * The president is elected for a 5-year term. A constitutional amendment (as of 2000) allows unlimited nonconsecutive terms.
 * The **executive** branch is the Council of Ministers, headed by a prime minister and 18 members. The members are appointed by president, and approved by the Congress. All laws sent to Congress must be approved by the Council of Ministers.
 * The **legislative** branch consists of Congress (130 members). Congress passes laws, ratifies treaties, authorizes government loans, and approves the government budget.
 * The **judicial** branch is headed by a Supreme Court (16 members) . The Constitutional Tribunal interprets the constitution on matters of individual rights.
 * Peru is divided into 25 regions that are referred to as "departments." Regions are subdivided into provinces. Provinces are composed of districts.
 * Very similar to the US political structure

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">briefly summarize, address the signifigance, (if possible) connect it back to general info, breif history, or government/current political situation.
 * Tacna To Request Closure Of Maximum Security Prison
 * [|Article]
 * Summary:
 * Activities Return To Normal In Ica Following 6.3 Quake
 * [|Article]
 * summary:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">~FUN FACTS~

 * The potato is originally from Peru and they produce over 3000 varieties
 * The finest cottons in the world, Pima and Tanguis are Peruvian
 * In Peru, you can find 1701 species of birds, making it the most in any country in the world.
 * You can find 28 different climates in Peru, making it to be one of the 5 biggest biodiversities in the world
 * In Peru you can find close to 1625 types of orchids (425 in the Machu Picchu area)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">__**SOURCES**__
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">print source(s): <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">online sources: > <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Picture/ Video Sources: //<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">sources are credible! //
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